Location: | Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine |
| Geographic coordinates: | 46 00 N, 25 00 E |
| Map references: | Europe |
| Area: | total: 237,500 sq km
land: 230,340 sq km
water: 7,160 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | slightly smaller than Oregon |
| Land boundaries: | total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km |
| Coastline: | 225 km |
| Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
| Terrain: | central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m |
| Natural resources: | petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower |
| Land use: | arable land: 40.82%
permanent crops: 2.25%
other: 56.93% (2001) |
| Irrigated land: | 28,800 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural hazards: | earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
| Environment - current issues: | soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands |
| Environment - international agreements: | party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
| Geography - note: | controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
Source: CIA World Factbook
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