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| Introduction | Madagascar |
| Background: | Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. |
| People | Madagascar |
| Population: | 17,501,871 (July 2004 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 44.9% (male 3,935,523; female 3,922,077) 15-64 years: 52% (male 4,509,877; female 4,596,662) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 245,168; female 292,564) (2004 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 17.4 years male: 17.2 years female: 17.7 years (2004 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 3.03% (2004 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 41.91 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Death rate: | 11.62 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 78.52 deaths/1,000 live births female: 69.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 86.84 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 56.54 years male: 54.19 years female: 58.96 years (2004 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 5.7 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 1.7% (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 140,000 (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 7,500 (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: | noun: Malagasy (singular and plural) adjective: Malagasy |
| Ethnic groups: | Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran |
| Religions: | indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% |
| Languages: | French (official), Malagasy (official) |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 68.9% male: 75.5% female: 62.5% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Madagascar |
| Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar conventional short form: Madagascar local short form: Madagascar former: Malagasy Republic local long form: Republique de Madagascar |
| Government type: | republic |
| Capital: | Antananarivo |
| Administrative divisions: | 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara |
| Independence: | 26 June 1960 (from France) |
| National holiday: | Independence Day, 26 June (1960) |
| Constitution: | 19 August 1992 by national referendum |
| Legal system: | based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: President Marc RAVALOMANANA (since 6 May 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Jacques SYLLA (27 May 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA November 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: percent of vote - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 37.7%, Marc RAVALOMANANA (TIM) 50.5% |
| Legislative branch: | bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (160 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); Senate (100 seats; two-thirds of the seats filled by regional assemblies whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining one-third of the seats appointed by the president; all members will serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 15 December 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TIM 103, FP 22, AREMA 3, LEADER/Fanilo 2, RPSD 5, others 3, independents 22 |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle |
| Political parties and leaders: | Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM |
| International organization participation: | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Rajaonarivony NARISOA consulate(s) general: New York FAX: [1] (202) 483-7603 telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525, 5526 chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Wanda L. NESBITT embassy: 14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo 101 mailing address: B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo telephone: [261] (20) 22-212-57, 22-212-73, 22-209-56 FAX: [261] (20) 22-345-39 |
| Flag description: | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side |
| Communications | Madagascar |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 59,600 (2003) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 279,500 (2003) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: system is above average for the region domestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links connect regions international: country code - 261; submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 2 (plus a number of repeater stations), FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001) |
| Radios: | 3.05 million (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001) |
| Televisions: | 325,000 (1997) |
| Internet country code: | .mg |
| Internet hosts: | 773 (2003) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 2 (2000) |
| Internet users: | 70,500 (2003) |
| Transportation | Madagascar |
| Railways: | total: 732 km narrow gauge: 732 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) |
| Highways: | total: 49,827 km paved: 5,780 km unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.) |
| Waterways: | 600 km (2004) |
| Ports and harbors: | Antsiranana, Antsohimbondrona, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara |
| Merchant marine: | total: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 14,865 GRT/17,936 DWT registered in other countries: 2 (2003 est.) by type: cargo 8, chemical tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2 |
| Airports: | 116 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways: | total: 29 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 87 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 42 under 914 m: 43 (2004 est.) |
| Military | Madagascar |
| Military branches: | People's Armed Forces: comprising Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval - Navy and Air - Force; National Gendarmerie |
| Military manpower - military age and obligation: | 18 years of age (est.); conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004) |
| Military manpower - availability: | males age 15-49: 4,004,242 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service: | males age 15-49: 2,373,342 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually: | males: 169,186 (2004 est.) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $69.8 million (2003) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 1.2% (2003) |
| Transnational Issues | Madagascar |
| Disputes - international: | claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France) |
| Illicit drugs: | illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin |
| This page was last updated on 16 December, 2004 |
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