Location: | Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia | | Geographic coordinates: | 47 20 N, 13 20 E | | Map references: | Europe | | Area: | total: 83,870 sq km
water: 1,426 sq km
land: 82,444 sq km | | Area - comparative: | slightly smaller than Maine | | Land boundaries: | total: 2,562 km
border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km | | Coastline: | 0 km (landlocked) | | Maritime claims: | none (landlocked) | | Climate: | temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers | | Terrain: | in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping | | Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m
highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m | | Natural resources: | oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower | | Land use: | arable land: 16.91%
permanent crops: 0.86%
other: 82.23% (2001) | | Irrigated land: | 457 sq km (2000 est.) | | Natural hazards: | landslides; avalanches; earthquakes | | Environment - current issues: | some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe | | Environment - international agreements: | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants | | Geography - note: | landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere
Source: CIA World Factbook
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