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| Introduction | Namibia |
| Background: | South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that was soon named Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Independence came in 1990 following multi-party elections and the establishment of a constitution. President NUJOMA is currently serving his third term as president. |
| People | Namibia |
| Population: | 1,954,033 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 42.4% (male 419,700; female 409,156) 15-64 years: 54% (male 527,553; female 528,386) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 30,427; female 38,811) (2004 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 18.3 years male: 18 years female: 18.6 years (2004 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 1.25% (2004 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 33.51 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Death rate: | 21.02 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 69.58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 66.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 72.65 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 40.53 years male: 42.36 years female: 38.64 years (2004 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 4.65 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 21.3% (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 210,000 (2001 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 16,000 (2003 est.) |
| Major infectious diseases: | typhoid fever, malaria, schistosomiasis overall degree of risk: high (2004) |
| Nationality: | noun: Namibian(s) adjective: Namibian |
| Ethnic groups: | black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5% note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5% |
| Religions: | Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20% |
| Languages: | English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84% male: 84.4% female: 83.7% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Namibia |
| Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Namibia conventional short form: Namibia former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa |
| Government type: | republic |
| Capital: | Windhoek |
| Administrative divisions: | 13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa |
| Independence: | 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate) |
| National holiday: | Independence Day, 21 March (1990) |
| Constitution: | ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990 |
| Legal system: | based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: President Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Theo-Ben GURIRAB (since 28 August 2002) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004) election results: Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA elected president; percent of vote - Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA 77% |
| Legislative branch: | bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 30 November-1 December 1998 (next to be held NA November 2004); National Assembly - last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004) note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 21, DTA 4, UDF 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 76%, COD 10%, DTA 9%, UDF 3%, MAG 1%, other 1%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 7, DTA 7, UDF 2, MAG 1 |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission) |
| Political parties and leaders: | Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard Nangolo IIPUMBU chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 FAX: [1] (202) 986-0443 telephone: [1] (202) 986-0540 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Kevin J. McGUIRE embassy: Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen Street, Windhoek mailing address: Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek telephone: [264] (61) 221601 FAX: [264] (61) 229792 |
| Flag description: | a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders |
| Communications | Namibia |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 127,400 (2003) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 223,700 (2003) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each 100 persons domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire; 100% digital international: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 2, FM 39, shortwave 4 (2001) |
| Radios: | 232,000 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997) |
| Televisions: | 60,000 (1997) |
| Internet country code: | .na |
| Internet hosts: | 3,164 (2003) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 2 (2000) |
| Internet users: | 65,000 (2003) |
| Transportation | Namibia |
| Railways: | total: 2,382 km narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge (2003) |
| Highways: | total: 66,467 km paved: 9,172 km unpaved: 57,285 km (2000) |
| Ports and harbors: | Luderitz, Walvis Bay |
| Merchant marine: | none |
| Airports: | 136 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways: | total: 21 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 115 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.) |
| Military | Namibia |
| Military branches: | Namibian Defense Force: Army (including Naval Wing, Air Wing), Police |
| Military manpower - availability: | males age 15-49: 468,934 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service: | males age 15-49: 279,755 (2004 est.) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $111.6 million (2003) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 2.5% (2003) |
| Transnational Issues | Namibia |
| Disputes - international: | commission established with Botswana to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls; managed dispute with South Africa over the location of the boundary in the Orange River; Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundary convergence is not clearly defined or delimited; Angolan rebels and refugees still reside in Namibia |
| This page was last updated on 16 December, 2004 |
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