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| Introduction | Mali |
| Background: | The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. After his reelection in 1997, President Alpha KONARE continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE. |
| People | Mali |
| Population: | 11,956,788 (July 2004 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 47.1% (male 2,835,378; female 2,801,578) 15-64 years: 49.9% (male 2,862,075; female 3,101,009) 65 years and over: 3% (male 163,927; female 192,821) (2004 est.) |
| Median age: | total: 16.3 years male: 15.7 years female: 16.9 years (2004 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 2.78% (2004 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 47.29 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Death rate: | 19.12 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | total: 117.99 deaths/1,000 live births female: 111.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) male: 124.51 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 45.28 years male: 44.7 years female: 45.87 years (2004 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 6.58 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 1.9% (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 140,000 (2003 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 12,000 (2003 est.) |
| Major infectious diseases: | typhoid fever, malaria, schistosomiasis overall degree of risk: very high (2004) |
| Nationality: | noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian |
| Ethnic groups: | Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5% |
| Religions: | Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% |
| Languages: | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.4% male: 53.5% female: 39.6% (2003 est.) |
| Government | Mali |
| Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic local long form: Republique de Mali |
| Government type: | republic |
| Capital: | Bamako |
| Administrative divisions: | 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou |
| Independence: | 22 September 1960 (from France) |
| National holiday: | Independence Day, 22 September (1960) |
| Constitution: | adopted 12 January 1992 |
| Legal system: | based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi MAIGA (since 30 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6% |
| Legislative branch: | unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 July and 28 July 2002 (next to be held NA July 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30 |
| Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme |
| Political parties and leaders: | Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA |
| International organization participation: | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MICAH, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Vicki HUDDLESTONE embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako telephone: [223] (2) 223-833 FAX: [223] (2) 223-712 |
| Flag description: | three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
| Communications | Mali |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 56,600 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 250,000 (2003) |
| Telephone system: | general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 1, FM 28, shortwave 1 note: the shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio International (2001) |
| Radios: | 570,000 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 1 (plus repeaters) (2001) |
| Televisions: | 45,000 (1997) |
| Internet country code: | .ml |
| Internet hosts: | 187 (2003) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 13 (2001) |
| Internet users: | 25,000 (2002) |
| Transportation | Mali |
| Railways: | total: 729 km narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) |
| Highways: | total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.) |
| Waterways: | 1,815 km (2004) |
| Ports and harbors: | Koulikoro |
| Airports: | 27 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways: | total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 19 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.) |
| Military | Mali |
| Military branches: | Army, Air Force, National Guard |
| Military manpower - military age and obligation: | 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004) |
| Military manpower - availability: | males age 15-49: 2,529,147 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service: | males age 15-49: 1,450,795 (2004 est.) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $51.1 million (2003) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 1.3% (2003) |
| Transnational Issues | Mali |
| Disputes - international: | none |
| This page was last updated on 16 December, 2004 |
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