Economy - overview: | Possessing large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and is expanding its presence in world markets. From 2001-03 real wages fell and Brazil's economy grew, on average, only 1.1% per year, as the country absorbed a series of domestic and international economic shocks. That Brazil absorbed these shocks without financial collapse is a tribute to the resiliency of the Brazilian economy and the economic program put in place by former President CARDOSO and strengthened by President Lula DA SILVA. The three pillars of the economic program are a floating exchange rate, an inflation-targeting regime, and tight fiscal policy, which have been reinforced by a series of IMF programs. The currency depreciated sharply in 2001 and 2002, which contributed to a dramatic current account adjustment: in 2003, Brazil ran a record trade surplus and recorded the first current account surplus since 1992. While economic management has been good, there remain important economic vulnerabilities. The most significant are debt-related: the government's largely domestic debt increased steadily from 1994 to 2003, straining government finances, while Brazil's foreign debt (a mix of private and public debt) is large in relation to Brazil's modest (but growing) export base. Another challenge is maintaining economic growth over a period of time to generate employment and make the government debt burden more manageable. |
| GDP: | purchasing power parity - $1.375 trillion (2004 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate: | -0.2% (2004 est.) |
| GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $7,600 (2004 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 10.2%
industry: 38.7%
services: 51.2% (2004 est.) |
| Investment (gross fixed): | 18% of GDP (2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line: | 22% (1998 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 48% (1998) |
| Distribution of family income - Gini index: | 60.7 (1998) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 14.7% (2004 est.) |
| Labor force: | 82.59 million (2004 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation: | agriculture 23%, industry 24%, services 53% |
| Unemployment rate: | 12.3% (2004 est.) |
| Budget: | revenues: $147.2 billion
expenditures: $172.4 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003) |
| Public debt: | 58.5% of GDP (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products: | coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef |
| Industries: | textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment |
| Industrial production growth rate: | 0.4% (2004 est.) |
| Electricity - production: | 321.2 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - consumption: | 335.9 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports: | 37.19 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2001) |
| Oil - production: | 1.561 million bbl/day (2004 est.) |
| Oil - consumption: | 2.199 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil - exports: | NA (2001) |
| Oil - imports: | NA (2001) |
| Oil - proved reserves: | 8.507 billion bbl (2004) |
| Natural gas - production: | 5.95 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - consumption: | 9.59 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - exports: | 0 cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - imports: | 3.64 billion cu m (2001 est.) |
| Natural gas - proved reserves: | 221.7 billion cu m (2004) |
| Current account balance: | $3.52 billion (2004 est.) |
| Exports: | $73.28 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: | transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos |
| Exports - partners: | US 23%, Argentina 6.1%, China 6%, Netherlands 5.8%, Germany 4.2% (2003) |
| Imports: | $48.25 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: | machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil |
| Imports - partners: | US 20%, Argentina 9.8%, Germany 8.7%, Japan 5.2%, China 4.4% (2003) |
| Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: | $49.3 billion (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external: | $214.9 billion (2004 est.) |
| Economic aid - recipient: | $30 billion IMF disbursement (2002) |
| Currency: | real (BRL) |
| Currency code: | BRL |
| Exchange rates: | reals per US dollar - 3.0771 (2003), 2.9208 (2002), 2.3577 (2001), 1.8301 (2000), 1.8147 (1999)
note: from October 1994 through 14 January 1999, the official rate was determined by a managed float; since 15 January 1999, the official rate floats independently with respect to the US dollar |
| Fiscal year: | calendar year
Source: CIA World Factbook
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