29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
13 August 1960 (from France)
Religions
Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15% note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority
Languages
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli (or Zaza), Azeri, Kabardian note: there is also a substantial Gagauz population in the European part of Turkey
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages
Exports
apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco
External Debt
$331,400,000,000 $
$469,500,000 US
Exchange Rate
Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 1.3179 (2008 est.), 1.319 (2007), 1.4286 (2006), 1.3436 (2005), 1.4255 (2004) note: on 1 January 2005 the old Turkish lira (TRL) was converted to new Turkish lira (TRY) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 new Turkish lira; on 1 January 2009 the Turkish government dropped the word "new" and the currency is now called simply the Turkish lira
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar 438.77 (2008 est.), 481.8 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004)
Military Budget as percentage of GDP
5.300%
2.600%
Beijing Olympics Medal Count
8
0
Location
Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Area
783,562 km sq
622,984 km sq
Coastline
7,200 km
0 km
Climate
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers
