17 August 1945 (declared) note: recognized by the Netherlands on 27 December 1949; in August 2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Religions
Muslim 86.1%, Protestant 5.7%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 3.4% (2000 census)
Sunni Muslim 85%, Shia Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)
Languages
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese)
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Exports
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber