republic; executive branch dominates government structure
republic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime
Independence date
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
Religions
Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
Sunni Muslim 74%, other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%, Christian (various denominations) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)
crude oil, minerals, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, textiles, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat
External Debt
$73,410,000,000 $
$8,818,000,000 US
Exchange Rate
Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - 2,302.9 (2008 est.), 2,013.8 (2007), 2,358.6 (2006), 2,320.75 (2005), 2,628.61 (2004)
Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar - 46.5281 (2008 est.), 50.0085 (2007), 51.689 (2006), 50 (2005), 48.5 (2004) note: data for 2004-06 are the public sector rate; data for 2002-03 are the parallel market rate in 'Amman and Beirut; the official rate for repaying loans was 11.25 Syrian pounds per US dollars during 2004-06,
Military Budget as percentage of GDP
3.800%
3.600%
Beijing Olympics Medal Count
2
0
Location
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
Area
1,138,910 km sq
185,180 km sq
Coastline
3,208 km
193 km
Climate
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
